Martha Jefferson Randolph 1772 – 1836

Biography

Martha Jefferson Randolph was born on September 27, 1772, at Monticello, the Virginia estate that would remain central to her life. As the eldest daughter of Thomas Jefferson, she grew up in a household marked by intellectual pursuits and the complexities of early American life. Her upbringing at Monticello provided her with an education unusual for women of her time, preparing her for the prominent role she would later assume.

From 1801 to 1809, Martha served as First Lady of the United States during her father’s presidency. In this position, she managed the White House with grace and intelligence, fulfilling the ceremonial and domestic responsibilities of the role while her father focused on the nation’s political affairs. Her tenure coincided with significant events in American history, including the Louisiana Purchase and the early years of westward expansion.

Martha returned to Albemarle County following her father’s presidency, where she spent her remaining years. She passed away on October 10, 1836, at the age of sixty-four. Her final resting place is Monticello Graveyard in Albemarle County, where she was laid to rest near the home and landscape that defined her life. Martha Jefferson Randolph’s legacy endures as a woman who navigated the demands of public life while maintaining deep ties to her family and Virginia heritage.